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Charles W. Socarides (January 24, 1922 – December 25, 2005) was an American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, physician, educator and author. He was born in Brockton, Massachusetts. Socarides focused much of his career on the study of homosexuality, which he believed could be altered.〔(A Tribute to Charles W. Socarides )〕 He helped found the National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH) in 1992〔(Two Differing Obituaries for Dr. Charles Socarides )〕 and worked extensively with the organization until his death.〔(Dr. Charles Socarides, Lover Of Humanity )〕 He did not consider the underlying desires of homosexuality to be immoral, stating that "Once my patients have achieved an insight into these dynamics – ''and realized there is no moral fault involved in their longtime and mysterious need'' – they have moved rather quickly on the road to recovery." As a 1995 ''New York Times'' profile put it, "Socarides offered the closest thing to hope that many gay people had in the 1960s: the prospect of a cure. Rather than brand them as immoral or regard them as criminal, Socarides told gay people that they suffered from an illness whose effects could be reversed." ==Biography== In 1935, at the age of thirteen, after reading a biography of Sigmund Freud, Socarides decided to become a physician and psychoanalyst. In 1952, at the age of 30, he graduated from Harvard College and received his certificate in Psychoanalytic Medicine from what is now the Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research. Socarides wrote or co-wrote numerous books and psychoanalytic articles. He appeared on news programs such as ''Dateline NBC'', ''60 Minutes'' and ''Larry King Live'' to discuss his work. He was a president of the National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), which he helped to found in 1992. He was on the board of directors of the Margaret S. Mahler Psychiatric Research Foundation. He was a member of the International Advisory Committee, the Second Delphi International Psychoanalytic Symposium, held in Delphi, Greece, in 1988, the American Medical Association, the American Psychiatric Association, the Association for Psychoanalytic Medicine and the International Psychoanalytical Association. Socarides was a life member of the American Psychoanalytic Association, where he chaired a discussion group, and an affiliate member of the Royal Society of Medicine in London, United Kingdom. Socarides was a practicing psychiatrist and psychoanalyst in New York City from 1954 until his death. He treated patients for homosexuality throughout his career. He reported that "about a third" of his patients became heterosexual after treatment.〔(How America Went Gay )〕 He taught Psychiatry at Columbia University and the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, and was Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, from 1978 to 1996. He lectured on his research findings in London at the Anna Freud Centre, the Portman Clinic, the Tavistock Clinic and before the British Psychoanalytical Society.〔 Much of Socarides' career was devoted to studying homosexuality. He has been grouped with Irving Bieber and Lionel Ovesey as the main representatives of the U.S. psychoanalytical current that has been active in promoting analytical methods to revert homosexuality.〔LeVay, Simon (1996). ''Queer Science: The Use and Abuse of Research into Homosexuality'', Cambridge: The MIT Press ISBN 0-262-12199-9〕 Socarides postulated that homosexuality was a neurotic adaptation, and that it could be treated.He wrote that male homosexuality typically develops in the first two years of life, during the pre-Oedipal stage of the boy's personality formation. In his view, it is caused by a controlling mother who prevents her son from separating from her, and a weak or rejecting father who does not serve as a role model for his son or support his efforts to escape from the mother.〔Socarides, Charles W. (1968). ''The Overt Homosexual''. Jason Aronson, Inc. ISBN 0-87668-162-3.〕〔Socarides, Charles W. (1989). ''Homosexuality: Psychoanalytic Therapy''. Jason Aronson, Inc. ISBN 0-87668-814-8. First published in 1978 under the title ''Homosexuality''.〕 Socarides was the father of five children: a son, Richard Socarides, from his first marriage; a daughter, also from his first marriage; two children from his second marriage; and one from his fourth marriage, with Claire Alford Socarides. Richard is openly gay and was Bill Clinton's Senior Advisor for Public Liaison for gay and lesbian issues.〔Bull, C. (July 11, 1999). "His Public Domain, His Private Pain". ''Washington Post Magazine'', July 11, 1999.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles W. Socarides」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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